Oil burning apparatus



C. J. KESSLER OIL BURNING APPARATUS April 25; 1944.

Filed June 5, 1942 2 Sheets-Sheet 1' IN VEN TOR.

ATTORNEYS c. J. KES$LER 2,347,268

OIL BURNING APPARATUS Filed June 5, 1942 '2 Sheets-Sheet 2 ATTORNEYS dim Emmi.

Patented Apr. 25, 1944 OIL BURNING APPARATUS Charles J. Kessler, Cleveland Heights, Ohio, as-

signor to Perfection Stove Company, Cleveland, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Application June 3, 1942, Serial No. 445,539

4 Claims.

This invention is an improvement in oil burning apparatus of the bowl type wherein the heat output may be varied and controlled between wide limits. Stoves and furnaces embodying the inven'tion are especially adapted to house heating and similar purposes.

The principal object of the invention is the production of oil burning apparatus of the aforesaid character that is simple of construction and very durable; that is relatively inexpensive of manufacture; that is highly efficient and safe; wherein the combustion air admitted to the apparatus apportions itself between primary and secondary air needs according to changes in the quantity of oil fed; and that functions in a highly satisfactory manner and remains practically free from carbon throughout a wide range of operation from lowest to highest fires. By reason of my improved construction and its mode of operation, heating to an injuriously high degree, of the burner parts subject to deterioration from such cause, is avoided, and, as a consequence, the necessity for using stainless steel or other expensive heat resistant metal for said parts is eliminated.

Referring now to the accompanying drawings wherein like reference characters designate corresponding parts throughout the several views,

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary side elevation, partly in central vertical section, of an oil stove incorporating the invention; Fig. 2 is a plan view of the burner bowl assembly removed from the stove and with the tube that surrounds the lighting ably connected together in accordance with common practice. The interior of the drum or casing 5 is divided into a combustion chamber 6 and a burner compartment 1 by a wall designated generally by the reference numeral 8. This wall includes an outer section 9 having a downturned peripheral flange III that fits within and is suitably secured to the drum or casing 5, as by welding. The wall 8 is completed by an inner annular section or ring-like member II that is.

detachably connected to the outer section 9 by fastening means or bolts l2. This ring-like membet is shown as constituting a permanent part of the burner bowl assembly, as will hereinafter more fully appear; and the relatively large opening in the center of said member i I is surrounded by a depending lip l5.

Connected to and spaced from the underside of the member H, by posts I6, is the annular top wall ll of the burner bowl that is designated generally by the reference numeral 20. The posts l6, as will appear from Fig. 2, have a narrow and long cross-sectional shape and are arranged with their longer cross sectional dimension radially of the bowl. This is for the purpose of minimizing the resistance to the inward flow of air between the adjacent fiat portions of the with H and the member II and for obviating voids of appreciable size in the air stream inwardly of the posts. The upper and lower ends of the posts It are projected through slots in the member II and wall l'l, respectively, and are fastened to said member and'wall, desirably by welding. The inner edge portion of the top wall H is turned downwardly in outwardly spaced relation to the previously described lip i5 and thence inwardly to provide a substantially horizontal lip 2i. As will be observed, the lip It extends an appreciable distance below the top plane of the horizontal portion of the wall I1, and the lip 2| projects a distance inwardly or the vertical plane of the lip l5. Further, it will be noted that the air admission slot defined by the member II and wall ii, and which extends about what may be termed the throat of the burner, has its widest part between the lips l5 and II and its most restricted part immediately adjacent thereto where the lip i5 is spaced horizontally from the vertical portion of the wall ll.

The approximate shape and relation of the parts just mentioned, and the relation thereto of the air admitting means or openings of the burner bowl, hereinafterv to be introduced, are the essence of the invention and are responsible for the desired action presently to be described, and for the attainment of the objects set forth.

The peripheral wall of the burner bowl is designated 22, and the bottom wall 23, the latter being depressed or dished throughout its central region to provide a sump 25. The peripheral wall is shown as having a circumferential row of air admitting openings 26 a short distance above the bottom wall 23, and adjacent its upper end, where it is curved outwardly to provide a horizontal flange that is welded or otherwise secured to the flanged outer edge of the top wall H, the peripheral wall is provided with a row of upwardly inclined openings 21. Additional rows of openings 28 (two such rows being shown) extend'about the peripheral wall below the openings 21.

Although my improved burner operates in a highly satisfactory manner without; it, I prefer, especially in the larger sizes, so as to insure an adequate supply and distribution of combustion air, to include an air tube or distributor 29 whose lower end is welded in an opening in the bottom Wall of the bowl and is provided with a suitable number and arrangement of perforations. In the absence of the air tube or distributor, the bottom wall of the bowl, of course, is made continuous throughout the central area thereof.

Adjacent the front of the apparatus, the peripheral wall 22 of the burner bowl has a relatively large lighting and clean-out opening 30 that is surrounded by a forwardly projecting tube 3| that extends through a hole in the drum or,

casing 5. Said opening 30 is adapted to be closed by a removable plug 33, the same being normally locked in place in the tube 3| by a so-called bayonet joint consisting of an angular groove 34 that is formed in the side of the plug and opens through the inner end thereof and is adapted to receive a projection 35 on the tube 3|. The plug is provided with a cross bar handle 36, and the hole in the drum or casing 5, through which the flanged front end of the tube 3| is projected during installation of the burner bowl, is adapted to be closed by an element 31 that is suitably fastened to the drum or casing, as by bolts 38.

Oil is conveyed to the sump 25 of the burner bowl 20 through a supply pipe 40 that leads from a valve 4|, which, in turn, communicates with a distributing receptacle 42. A reservoir 43 is adapted to be sustained in inverted position over the distributing receptacle 42 by a carrier 44 which is hingedly connected at 45 in operative relation to the receptacle 42 and may be swung by means of a handle 46 from the position shown in Fig. 1 to a reversed position rearwardly of the stove. When in the latter position, the reservoir 43 may be placed therein, and then when the carrier is returned to upright position, the reservoir 43 Will be automatically inverted over the receptacle 42 and the stem of a valve 41 that controls discharge of oil from the reservoir will engage an abutment in the bottom of the receptacle 42 thereby to unseat the valve and allow oil to flow from the reservoir into the receptacle to a depth sufficient to seal the reservoir. The rate of fiow is controlled by the previously mentioned valve 4! whose stem 48 projects above the top plane of the carrier 30 where it is equipped with an operating handle 49.

Attached, as by screws 50, to an annular flange that extends inwardly from the upstanding part 3 of the stove base is a perforated plate 52, the same having an aperture through which the terminal fitting of the oil supply pipe 40 extends. Shown as applied to the bottom Wall 23 of the burner bowl are insulator plates or shells 55 and 56 provided with openings for the passage of the oil supply pipe 40 and, when the air tube or distributor is included, with central; air inlet openings that register therewith.

When the valve 4| is 'opened to establish communication between the burner bowl and the source of oil supply-in the present case, the reservoir 43oil fiows through the supply pipe 40 and (if not instantly lighted, which may be accomplished by removing the plug 33 and projecting a lighted taper or match through the opening 30) accumulates Within the sump 25 to the depth established therein by the oil level prevailing in the distributing receptacle 42, the latter being effected in the manner already described.

With the valve adjusted to supply oil at the required rate for low fire, and with combustion advanced to the point of having consumed the excess oil, and with the burner parts now'heated sufficiently to generate vapors Within the bottom portion of the bowl, said vapors rise and mix with primary air entering through the openings-25 and later with secondary air admitted through the openings 21 and 28, converting the primary rich mixture into a combustible one that burns in a highly eillcient manner within the region of the throat of the burner. Some of the secondary air, even at comparatively low fire, may be derived from the supply admitted through the annular slot at the throat-that is, the slot defined by the lips I5 and 2l-the additional air from such source, with the products, rising into the combustion chamber and finally escaping to the flue through the usual connections (not shown).

During the incipient stages of combustion, and at low fire, when combustion is occurring principally within thEibOWl, the deposit of any carbon resulting from these conditions on the vital parts of the burner surrounding the throat and including the top Wall of the burner bowl is prevented by the upward and inward sweep of air entering through the Openings 21.

As the valve 4| is opened farther and more oil is thus supplied to the bowl for the purpose of producing a higher fire, the volume of vapors generated from the pool of oil in the sump increases and combustion ascends to the combustion chamber 6.

At high or maximum fire, no combustion occurs Within the burner bowl except possibly fingers of flame in the immediate vicinity of the air holes adjacent the top of the peripheral wall of the bowl and which serve to enhance vaporization. Secondary air entering through the annular slot in the throat surges upwardly with the vapors into the combustion chamber where combustion proceeds vigorously.

It will be apparent from the foregoing description that, at low fire, the top of the burner bowl and the parts adjacent thereto are protected from carbon deposit and are prevented from becoming heated to an iinjuriously high degree by the air that enters through the openings adjacent the top of the peripheral wall .of the bowl and sweeps inwardly wall and into the throat; and that, at high fire, combustion is practically completely removed from the bowl and the adjacent parts of the burner are thus prevented from becoming overheated.

While I have illustrated by improved oil burning apparatus as embodied in a stove equipped with a manual oil control, it will be readily understood that the invention is suited for use with automatic controls, such as those involving room thermostats, and a example of which will be found in Patent No. 2,247,689, dated July 1, 1941.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is;

1. In oil buring apparatus, a burner bowl, a shallow dished top wall inverted over the bowl and having its edge attached to the perimeter of the bowl, said top wall having a relatively large opening, said wall about said opening being flanged downwardly a distance less than the depth of the top wall and thence inwardly in beneath the top wall, the edge of said member about said opening being flanged downwardly to provide a vertical lip that is spaced from the aforesaid horizontal lip, the peripheral wall of the burner bowl being provided with air admitting openings adjacent its top, and means for delivering oil to the bowl in variable quantity.

2. In oil burning apparatus, a burner bowl having a substantially cylindrical peripheral wall that is divergent adjacent its upper end, a shallow dished annular top wall inverted over the bowl and secured at its outer edge to the top edge of said peripheral wall, the divergent portion of the peripheral wall being provided with a circumferential row of air admitting openings, said wall having other air admitting openings below said divergent portion, the top wall having a horizontal portion intermediate its inner and outer edges and inwardly of which said wall is flanged downwardly a distance less than the depth of the top wall and thence inwardly to provide a substantially horizontal lip whose inner edge defines a relatively large opening, a member disposed above the top wall and having a substantially horizontal portion in slightly spaced relation to the corresponding portion of said top wall and having an opening about which said member is flanged downwardly to provide a vertical lip that is disposed in vertically spaced relation to the previously mentioned lip a distance somewhat greater than the spacing of said member from the top wall, the horizontal lip projecting inwardly beyond the vertical plane of the other lip, means for admitting air to the burner bowl below the plane of the top thereof, and means for delivering'oil to the bowl in variable quantity.

3. In oil burning apparatus, a burner bowl having an inverted shallow dished top wall provided with a relatively large opening, said wall about said opening being flanged downwardly a distance less than the depth of the dished top wall andthence inwardly in the form of a substantially horizontal lip whose inner edge defines the limits of said opening, a member spaced slightly above said top wall and having an opening registering with that of said wall, the edge 01' said member about said opening being flanged downwardly to provide a vertical lip that is spaced from the aforesaid horizontal lip, the peripheral wall of the burner bowl being provided with air admitting openings, and means for delivering oil to the bowl in varying quantity.

4. In oil burning apparatus, a burner bowl having a top wall provided with a relatively large opening surrounded by a depending angular flange comprising a short substantially vertical part and a substantially horizontal part extendin inwardly from the lower edge of the former part a distance approximating the vertical extent of said former part and the inner edge of which horizontal part defines the limits of the aforesaid opening, a member spaced slightly above said top wall and having an opening registering with the opening of said wall, a short substantially vertical flange depending from the edge of said member about said opening, the last mentioned flange being spaced a short distance from the vertical and horizontal parts of the before mentioned angular flange, the peripheral wall of the burner bowl being provided with air admitting openings, and means for delivering oil to the bowl in varying quantity.

CHARLES J. KESSLER. 

